Effects of anionic polyacrylamide products on gill
Anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) products are commonly used to remove suspended materials from turbid waters and to help mitigate soil erosion. In the present study, juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to 3 mg/L to 300 mg/L of 10 commercially available PAM products (Clearflow Water Lynx Polymer Log and Clearflow Soil Lynx Granular Polymer; Clearflow Enviro Systems Group), and
Environmental Toxicology EFFECTS OF ANIONIC POLYACRYLAMIDE PRODUCTS ON GILL HISTOPATHOLOGY IN JUVENILE RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) JENNIFER L. KERR,y JOHN S. LUMSDEN,z SPENCER K. RUSSELL,z EDYTA J. JASINSKA,x and GREG G. GOSS*x yClear!ow Enviro Systems Group, Sherwood Park, Alberta, Canada
Effects of anionic polyacrylamide products on gill
Gill morphology was largely unaffected by exposure to concentrations up to 300 mg/L of many PAM products. Several anionic polymer products noticeably affected gill tissue by increasing epithelial hypertrophy, interlamellar hyperplasia, mucous cell metaplasia, and the frequency of necrotic cells.
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Effects of anionic polyacrylamide products on gill
Effects of anionic polyacrylamide products on gill histopathology in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Article (PDF Available) in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 33(7) · July
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Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation
Effects of Anionic Polyacrylamide Products On Gill Histopathology In Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 33, No. 7,
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Some Aspects of the Properties and Degradation
Effects of anionic polyacrylamide products on gill histopathology in juvenile rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2014, 33 (7) , 1552-1562. DOI: 10.1002/etc.2582.
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Polyacrylamide degradation and its implications
The hydrolyzed form of polyacrylamide (HPAM), a co-polymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid, is the most widely used anionic PAM in oil and gas development as well as in soil conditioning. 1,9,12,21
Get Price- Which amide group is hydrolyzed in polyacrylamide?
- The functional amide group in polyacrylamide is hydrolyzed at 80–90°C [ 4 ]. The polymer solution must be stable in harsh conditions of salinity and temperature. Acrylamide-based polymers suffer from some deficiencies such as their rapid hydrolysis, facile thermal degradation, and undesirable properties.
- Does anionic polyacrylamide resist biodegradation?
- Anionic polyacrylamide is a negatively charged high molecular weight polymer and strongly resists biodegradation ( Suzuki et al., 1978 ). This is due to its high molecular weight (2.2 × 10 7 g/mol), but also the molecular structure of the HPAM “backbone” linkage ( Chang et al., 2001).
- What is anionic polyacrylamide (Apam)?
- 1. Introduction Anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) is a kind of organic high-molecular polymer with high hydrophilicity and viscosity, which is easily dissolved in water [ , , ].
- Is there mechanical stirring in a hydrolyzed polyacrylamide reactor?
- There is no mechanical stirring in the reactor. ... ... Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is the most widely used water-soluble non-toxic polymer in water treatment (Zheng et al., 2013), paper mills (Wong et al., 2006), ore processing and crude oil production processes (Pei et al., 2016).
